Jeudi 28 Mars 2024
Ce texte a été transmis par Bernard Fischer
Annelle Sheline, titulaire d’un doctorat, a travaillé pendant un an comme chargée des affaires étrangères au bureau des affaires du Moyen-Orient du bureau pour la démocratie, pour les droits humains et pour le travail, du département d’état des Etats Unis. Les opinions exprimées ici sont les siennes.
Depuis l’attaque du Hamas du Samedi 7 Octobre 2023, Israël a utilisé des bombes américaines dans sa guerre à Gaza, qui a tué plus de trente-deux mille palestiniens, dont treize mille enfants, et qui a laissé sous les décombres d’innombrables autres palestiniens, selon le ministère de la santé du Hamas. Israël est accusé de manière crédible d’affamer les deux millions de palestiniens qui restent, selon le rapporteur spécial pour le droit à l’alimentation de l’Organisation des Nations Unies (ONU). Un groupe de leaders d’organisations humanitaires avertissent que, sans une assistance humanitaire adéquate, des centaines de milliers d’autres palestiniens vont bientôt rejoindre les morts.
Pourtant, Israël envisage toujours d’envahir Rafah, où la majorité des habitants de Gaza ont fui. Des fonctionnaires de l’ONU ont décrit le carnage qui devrait s’ensuivre comme dépassant l’imagination. En Cisjordanie, des colons armés et des soldats israéliens ont tué des palestiniens, y compris des citoyens des États-Unis. Ces actions, dont des experts sur le génocide attestent qu’ils correspondent au crime de génocide, sont conduites avec le soutien diplomatique et militaire du gouvernement des États-Unis.
Je travaillais depuis un an pour le bureau dédié à la promotion des droits humains au Moyen-Orient. Je crois profondément à la mission et à l’importance du travail de ce bureau. Cependant, en tant que représentante d’un gouvernement qui rend directement possible ce qui, selon la Cour Internationale de Justice (CIJ), pourrait plausiblement être un génocide à Gaza, un tel travail est devenu quasiment impossible. Incapable de servir un gouvernement qui permet de telles atrocités, j’ai décidé de démissionner de mon poste au département d’état.
La crédibilité que les États-Unis pouvaient avoir en tant que promoteurs des droits humains a presqu’entièrement disparu depuis que la guerre a commencé. Des membres de la société civile ont refusé de répondre à mes tentatives pour les contacter. Notre bureau cherche à soutenir des journalistes au Moyen-Orient. Pourtant, quand des Organisations Non Gouvernementales (ONG) m’ont demandé si les États-Unis pouvaient aider lorsque des journalistes palestiniens étaient détenus ou tués à Gaza, j’ai été déçue de voir que mon gouvernement n’a pas fait grand-chose pour les protéger. Quatre-vingt-dix journalistes palestiniens à Gaza ont été tués au cours des cinq derniers mois, selon les chiffres du Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ). C’est le nombre le plus élevé enregistré dans un seul conflit depuis que le CPJ a commencé à collecter des chiffres en 1992.
En démissionnant publiquement, je suis attristée de savoir que je m’interdis probablement tout avenir au département d’état. Je n’avais pas prévu initialement de démissionner publiquement. En raison de la brièveté de mon emploi à l’état, j’ai été engagée pour un contrat de deux ans, je ne pensais pas être suffisamment importante pour annoncer publiquement ma démission. Cependant, lorsque j’ai commencé à informer mes collègues de ma décision de démissionner, la réponse que j’ai entendue à plusieurs reprises a été qu’il fallait que je parle en leur nom.
Dans le gouvernement fédéral, des employés ont essayé comme moi depuis des mois d’influencer les politiques en interne et, quand cela échouait, publiquement. Mes collègues et moi-même, nous avons vu avec horreur que ce gouvernement livrait des milliers de munitions guidées, de bombes, d’armes légères et d’autres armes létales à Israël, et qu’il en autorisait des milliers d’autres, en contournant le Congrès pour ce faire. Nous sommes atterrés par le mépris flagrant du gouvernement pour les lois américaines qui interdisent aux États-Unis de fournir une assistance aux armées étrangères qui se livrent à des violations flagrantes des droits humains ou qui restreignent l’acheminement de l’aide humanitaire.
La propre politique du gouvernement de Joseph Biden stipule que « la légitimité des transferts d’armes et leur soutien par le public aux États-Unis et dans les pays bénéficiaires dépendent de la protection des civils et les États-Unis se distinguent des autres sources potentielles de transferts d’armes en accordant une grande importance à la protection des civils ». Pourtant, cette noble déclaration de politique générale est en contradiction totale avec les actions du président qui l’a promulguée.
Le président Joseph Biden lui-même admet indirectement qu’Israël ne protège pas les civils palestiniens. Sous la pression de certains démocrates du Congrès, l’administration a publié une nouvelle politique visant à garantir que les transferts militaires à l’étranger ne violent pas les lois nationales et internationales pertinentes.
Pourtant, tout récemment, le département d’état a affirmé qu’Israël respectait le droit international dans la conduite de la guerre et dans la fourniture de l’aide humanitaire. Dire cela alors qu’Israël empêche l’entrée adéquate de l’aide humanitaire et que les États-Unis sont contraints de larguer de la nourriture par avion aux palestiniens de Gaza affamés, fait que les prétentions de l’administration à se préoccuper du droit ou du sort des palestiniens innocents sont une farce.
Certains ont affirmé que les États-Unis manquaient d’influence contre Israël. Pourtant, le général de division israélien à la retraite Yitzhak Brick a fait remarquer au mois de novembre 2023 que « les missiles, les bombes et les avions d’Israël proviennent tous des États-Unis. À la seconde où les Etats Unis fermeraient le robinet, nous ne pourrions plus continuer à nous battre. Tout le monde comprend que nous ne pouvons pas mener cette guerre sans les États-Unis. Un point c’est tout ».
Maintenant encore, Israël envisage d’envahir le Liban, ce qui accroît le risque d’un conflit régional qui serait catastrophique. Les États-Unis ont cherché à empêcher cette issue, mais ils ne démontrent aucune intention de priver Israël d’armes offensives afin de l’obliger à une plus grande retenue dans ce pays ou à Gaza. Le soutien de Joseph Biden au gouvernement israélien d’extrême droite risque donc de déclencher une conflagration plus large dans la région, qui pourrait bien mettre les troupes américaines en danger.
Tant de mes collègues se sentent trahis. J’écris en mon nom personnel, mais je parle au nom de beaucoup d’autres, notamment Feds United for Peace, un groupe qui se mobilise en faveur d’un cessez-le-feu permanent à Gaza et qui représente des fonctionnaires fédéraux s’exprimant à titre personnel dans tout le pays et dans trente agences et départements fédéraux. Après quatre années d’efforts du président Donald Trump pour paralyser le département d’état, les employés du département d’état ont adhéré à la promesse de Joseph Biden de reconstruire la diplomatie américaine. Pour certains, le soutien des États-Unis à l’Ukraine contre l’occupation illégale et les bombardements de la Russie a semblé rétablir le leadership moral des Etats Unis. Pourtant, ce gouvernement continue de permettre l’occupation illégale et la destruction de Gaza par Israël.
Je suis hantée par le dernier message publié sur les réseaux sociaux par Aaron Bushnell, le militaire de l’armée de l’air américaine âgé de vingt-cinq ans qui s’est immolé devant l’ambassade d’Israël à Washington le 25 février 2024, « beaucoup d’entre nous aiment se demander ce qu’ils auraient fait s’ils avaient vécu pendant l’esclavage, du temps de Jim Crow ou de l’apartheid et ce qu’ils feraient si leur pays commettait un génocide. La réponse est que nous sommes en train de le faire, en ce moment même ».
Je ne peux plus continuer ce que je faisais. J’espère que ma démission contribuera aux nombreux efforts visant à pousser l’administration à retirer son soutien à la guerre d’Israël, dans l’intérêt des deux millions de palestiniens dont la vie est menacée et dans l’intérêt de la position morale des Etats Unis dans le monde.
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