Bilan et conclusions politiques de la Conférence syndicale internationale de solidarité avec l’Ukraine et ses syndicats qui s’est tenue le 22 février à Kiev (online). Par Alfons Bech, membre du Réseau Européen de Solidarité avec l’Ukraine (ENSU/RESU)
1- La conférence syndicale internationale a été un succès. Organisée par la Fédération des syndicats d’Ukraine (FPU), la Confédération des syndicats libres d’Ukraine (KVPU) et avec le soutien de la Confédération syndicale internationale (CSI), de la Confédération européenne des syndicats (CES), d’ACTRAV et de la Fondation Friedrich Ebert, la conférence internationale de solidarité “Syndicats ukrainiens : Deux ans de guerre totale : défis, priorités et soutien supplémentaire”, avec la participation de 191 personnes.
2- Comme publié sur leurs sites web, les syndicats ukrainiens présents à la conférence sont intervenus : “Luc Triangle, secrétaire général de la CSI ; Esther Lynch, secrétaire générale de la CES ; Ludovic Voet, secrétaire confédéral de la CES ; Maria Helena Andre, directrice du Bureau des activités pour les travailleurs de l’OIT (ACTRAV) ; Cathy Feingold, vice-présidente de la CSI, directrice du département international de l’AFL-CIO ; Kemal Özkan, secrétaire général adjoint de GU IndustriAll ; Britta Lejon, présidente de l’Union suédoise des fonctionnaires (ST) ; Jan Willem Goudriaan, président de l’Internationale des services publics ; Bea Bruske, secrétaire générale de la FSESP, présidente du Congrès du travail du Canada ; Lone Ilum Christiansen, directrice du syndicat danois ; Hélène Debore, secrétaire internationale de la Confédération française démocratique du travail (CFDT) ; Pierre Coutaz, du comité international de la CGT, qui a conclu son discours en ukrainien, promettant, comme tous les orateurs précédents, une aide et un soutien complets pour remporter la victoire sur l’ennemi, a été particulièrement bien accueilli par les syndicalistes ukrainiens. Les Ukrainiens ont également accueilli avec gratitude l’intervention de la coordinatrice internationale de l’UGT Catalunya, Catalina Llibre”.
3- Le moment choisi pour la conférence était particulièrement difficile pour l’Ukraine sur le plan militaire. Avec beaucoup moins d’armes et de munitions que ne l’avaient promis les gouvernements qui la soutenaient, l’armée a dû se retirer des grandes villes. Les interventions de syndicalistes, hommes et femmes, devenus soldats, ont souligné l’émotion et le drame du moment, tout comme les interventions des dirigeants de la FPU et de la KVPU. Le message véhiculé est que la défense des droits du travail, des droits démocratiques et des droits humains est indissociable de la victoire dans la guerre contre la Russie. Honnêtement, nous ne pouvons pas isoler l’amélioration des conditions de vie et de travail de la classe ouvrière ukrainienne de l’aspect militaire. Nous devons “gagner la guerre et la révolution” en même temps.
4- C’est précisément parce que le moment est clé pour l’existence souveraine de l’Ukraine que cette conférence a été obligée de se confronter à cette question, l’une des plus difficiles dont l’ensemble du syndicalisme international a débattu depuis le début de la guerre à grande échelle. Le temps du changement est venu de passer à une position de soutien plus actif à l’Ukraine et donc plus exigeante vis-à-vis des gouvernements respectifs afin qu’elle puisse gagner la guerre et pas seulement “se défendre”. Ce débat n’a pas encore été abordé, mais il a été soulevé lorsque la FPU et la KVPU ont adopté une déclaration commune disant : “À ce stade critique de la guerre, nous appelons nos amis internationaux à intensifier leur soutien global et indispensable à l’Ukraine afin d’accélérer la paix après la défaite de l’agresseur. Ce n’est qu’en vainquant l’agresseur russe que nous pourrons garantir une paix juste et durable en Ukraine et en Europe, et empêcher une telle agression à l’avenir. L’Ukraine continuera à progresser vers la victoire sur l’agression russe, ainsi que sur la voie de sa pleine intégration dans l’UE et l’OTAN”.
5- L’intervention du représentant de l’UGT de Catalogne a commencé à entrer dans ce débat nécessaire, en déclarant : “Nous sommes convaincus que le droit des peuples à se défendre contre les agressions extérieures est un droit naturel inaliénable et que nous tous ici présents devons travailler pour aider nos camarades syndicalistes qui souffrent. Nous devons discuter de la manière dont nous pouvons les aider et travailler ensemble pour lever les barrières qui limitent cette aide et nous lient les mains. Même s’il faut pour cela revoir des positions des syndicats internationaux qui ont pu sembler valables en temps de paix, mais que les événements de ces dernières années ont obligé à revoir. Si les agresseurs ne respectent pas les traités internationaux et que, dans le même temps, nous imposons des limites à l’aide que nous pouvons apporter, nous laissons le champ libre à l’impérialisme, à la barbarie et au fascisme pour se répandre dans le monde entier”.
6- Le rôle de l’ENSU dans cette conférence a été limité mais essentiel. Dès le début, nous avons encouragé les syndicats ukrainiens FPU et KVPU à approcher conjointement la CES et la CEI afin que ces deux organismes internationaux appellent à la participation de tous les syndicats européens. Nous avons été en contact avec les dirigeants internationaux de la FPU et de la KVPU, écoutant et faisant des propositions qui pourraient être utiles pour une large participation internationale. Nous avons adapté notre rythme et nos propositions à ceux acceptés par les syndicats, même si nous savions que les retards dans la prise de la décision finale de tenir la conférence ne facilitaient pas la participation en personne. Nous avons toujours, et à tout moment, essayé de suivre l’idée de “tout avec les syndicats ukrainiens, rien sans eux” et de consultation transparente et permanente sur tous les problèmes et difficultés. Le résultat montre que cette méthode de travail porte ses fruits et aide réellement les syndicats ukrainiens. Elle a également contribué à l’incorporation de l’UGT, syndicat historique de l’Etat espagnol. Savoir prendre notre place d’aide, d’auxiliaire des syndicats, sans chercher à les remplacer, est donc la clé de la poursuite de notre travail. Cela a ouvert une voie de solidarité et de confiance mutuelle entre les responsables syndicaux et l’ENSU, ce qui est un grand atout pour l’avenir.
7- Sur les débats politiques de fond qui doivent être discutés dans chaque syndicat et dans l’ensemble du syndicalisme international, l’ENSU défendra sa position contre les blocs militaires et l’escalade des armes, dans le cadre d’une politique indépendante des différents impérialismes.
Mais cela implique d’exiger des gouvernements qu’ils soutiennent l’envoi gratuit d’armes et de munitions à l’Ukraine, qu’elles soient suffisantes et les plus utiles. L’ENSU doit favoriser la compréhension et l’accord entre les syndicats ukrainiens qui demandent l’adhésion à l’OTAN comme “parapluie de sécurité” et les syndicats d’Europe occidentale qui sont contre l’OTAN, dans le cadre de réalités différentes et contradictoires. En tout état de cause, l’accord commun doit être de soutenir tout ce qui est utile à la victoire de la résistance ukrainienne dans cette guerre de libération nationale et à la défaite de l’impérialisme russe.
8- Une des prochaines étapes du travail syndical international peut être de soutenir les syndicats FPU et KVPU lors de la conférence de reconstruction à Berlin en juin prochain.
A notre avis, une des clés de la victoire et du soutien international est de lutter pour que l’Ukraine devienne dans un avenir proche une république des droits sociaux et humains, loin des politiques oligarchiques et corrompues.
Cela dépend également de la cohésion sociale interne et du retour de la majorité de la population déplacée ou réfugiée dans d’autres pays.Les syndicats ont une place de choix pour faire entendre leur voix lors de cette conférence. Nous leur avons déjà parlé à Kiv après la conférence et ils ont accepté d’en discuter en interne.Comme pour la conférence internationale, tout dépend si les syndicats ukrainiens jugent utile de participer, s’ils le font d’un commun accord et s’ils formulent leurs revendications.S’ils le font, l’ENSU est prête à les aider et à collaborer sur les questions qu’ils souhaitent.En fonction de leur réponse, nous réunirons à nouveau le groupe de travail syndical.
Alfons Bech, 19 mars 2024 (version originale en anglais)
Traduction Deepl.
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